Use of Legal and Illegal Substances and Their Impact on the Academic Performance of Medical University Students

Main Article Content

Felix Osuna-Gutierrez
Paola Lizette Padilla-Mena
Andres Refugio Martinez-Uresti
Carlos M. Padilla-Valadez
Javier Contreras-Cardenas

Abstract

Objective: This study will analyze the effects of the most common substances in medical students and their impact on their academic performance.


Method: 328 medical students were interviewed between April 2019 to March 2020 for this study. In this cross-sectional study, information regarding substance use habits among medical students was obtained through a survey.


The information was obtained through a questionnaire that is made up of 6 pages with the following sections: Registration, consumption of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, medication to improve academic performance and energy drinks.


Results: The results in this investigation were the following: the use of alcohol showed that it has a low relevance in influencing the performance of the students (p=0.702), the use of marijuana showed that it has a low relevance in the performance (p= 0.527), the use of cocaine showed that it has a low relevance in influencing academic performance (p=0.560), the use of medications showed that they have a high relevance in influencing academic performance (p=0.001), the use of energy drinks showed that they have a low relevance in influencing the performance of medical students (p=0.346).


Conclusions:  The use of substances among university students has been increasing over the years, the importance of understanding this phenomenon and its repercussions on students can help prevent addictions, school dropouts and even deaths from overdoses, as described in various literatures.

Article Details

How to Cite
Felix Osuna-Gutierrez, Paola Lizette Padilla-Mena, Andres Refugio Martinez-Uresti, Carlos M. Padilla-Valadez, & Javier Contreras-Cardenas. (2022). Use of Legal and Illegal Substances and Their Impact on the Academic Performance of Medical University Students. International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies, 2(4), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmscrs/v2-i4-03
Section
Articles

References

I. Villatoro Velazquez J, Medina-Mora Icaza M, Campo Sánchez R, Fregoso Ito D, Bustos Gamiño M, Resendiz Escobar E et al. El consumo de drogas en estudiantes de México: tendencias y magnitud del problema [Internet]. Scielo.org.mx. 2016 [cited 24 July 2020]. Available from:

http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0185-33252016000400193

II. Tiburcio Sainz, M., Rosete-Mohedano, M., Natera Rey, G., Martínez Vélez, N., Carreño García, S., & Pérez Cisneros, D. (2016). Validez y confiabilidad de la prueba de detección de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sustancias (ASSIST) en estudiantes universitarios. Adicciones, 28(1), 19-27. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.20882/adicciones.786

III. Tena-Suck, Antonio, Castro-Martínez, Guadalupe, Marín-Navarrete, Rodrigo, Gómez-Romero, Pedro, Fuente-Martín, Ana de la, & Gómez-Martínez, Rodrigo. (2018). Consumo de sustancias en adolescentes: consideraciones para la práctica médica. Medicina interna de México, 34(2), 264-277. https://doi.org/10.24245/mim.v34i2.1595

IV. Díaz-Castela, M.,Anguiano-Garrida, B.,y Muela-Martínez, J. A. (2016). El consumo de drogas en el alumnado de la Universidad de Jaén [The drug use in the estudents from the University of Jaen]. Acción Psicológica, 13(1), 53-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/ap.13.1.16723

V. Villatoro Velázquez, J., Medina-Mora Icaza, M., Martín del Campo Sánchez, R., Fregoso Ito, D., Bustos Gamiño, M., Resendiz Escobar, E., Mujica Salazar, R., Bretón Cirett, M., Soto Hernández, I., & Cañas Martínez, V. (2016). Drugs use in Mexican students: trends and Magnitude of the problem. Salud Mental, 39(4), 193-203. doi:https://doi.org/10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2016.023

VI. Pascual Pastor, F. P. P., Guardia Serecigni, J. G. S., César Pereiro Gómez, C. P. G., & Julio Bobes García, J. B. G. (2014). Alcoholismo – Guias Clínicas SOCIDROGALCOHOL basadas en la EVIDENCIA CIENTÍFICA (3ra edición). Recuperado de

https://socidrogalcohol.org/proyecto/guia-clinica-alcohol-basada-en-la-evidencia/

VII. Ahumada-Cortez, Jesica Guadalupe, & Gámez-Medina, Mario Enrique, & Valdez-Montero, Carolina (2017). EL CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL COMO PROBLEMA DE SALUD PÚBLICA. Ra Ximhai, 13(2),13-24.[fecha de Consulta 28 de Diciembre de 2020]. ISSN: 1665-0441. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=461/46154510001

VIII. SCHLESINGER PIEDRAHITA, ANTONIO, & PESCADOR VARGAS, BEATRIZ, & ROA CULMA, LAURA ALEJANDRA (2017). NEUROTOXICIDAD ALCOHÓLICA. Revista Med, 25(1),87-101.[fecha de Consulta 28 de Diciembre de 2020]. ISSN: 0121-5256. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=910/91052681009

IX. Jikomes, N., & Zoorob, M. (2018). The cannabinoid content of legal Cannabis in Washington state varies systematically across testing facilities and popular consumer products. Scientific Reports 8, 4519.

X. Maxwell, J. C., & Mendelson, B. (2016). What do we know now about the impact of the Laws related to marijuana? Journal of Addiction Medicine 10, 3–12.

XI. Vergara, D., Bidwell, L. C., Gaudino, R., Torres, A., Du, G., Ruthenburg, T. C., et al. (2017).Compromised external validity: Federally produced Cannabis does not reflect legal markets. Scientific Reports 7, 46528.

XII. WHO (2016). The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.

XIII. Cox, E., Maharao, N., Patilea-Vrana, G., Unadkat, J., Rettie, A., McCune, J., & Paine, M. (2019). A marijuana-drug interaction primer: Precipitants, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 201, 25-38. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.001

XIV. Navalón Mira, Alba; Ruiz-Callado, Raúl. Consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y rendimiento académico: una investigación en estudiantes de educación secundaria obligatoria. Salud y Drogas, vol. 17, núm. 1, 2017, pp. 45-52 Instituto de Investigación de Drogodependencias Alicante, España

XV. Ravelo Contreras EL. Calidad, aprendizaje y rendimiento académico en educación superior. educ.humanismo [Internet]. 1 de julio de 2012 [citado 24 de julio de 2020];14(23):17-6. Disponible en: http://revistas.unisimon.edu.co/index.php/educacion/article/view/2226

XVI. Manuel Guerrero-Martelo, Gonzalo Galván, Jhon Pinedo-López, Francisco Vásquez-De la Hoz, Francisco Torres-Hoyos, Jairo Torres-Oviedo. (2015). Prevalencia de vida de uso de cannabis y rendimiento académico en adolescentes. 30/10/18, de SciELO Sitio web:

http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/sun/v31n3/v31n3a04.pdf

XVII. Degenhardt, L., & Hall, W. (2012). Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet, 379(9810), 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61138-0.

XVIII. Jain, R., Chang, C. C., Koto, M., Geldenhuys, A., Nichol, R., & Joubert, G. (2017). Non-medical use of methylphenidate among medical students of the University of the Free State. The South African journal of psychiatry : SAJP : the journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa, 23, 1006. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23.1006

XIX. Overview | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE. (2018, 14 marzo). Recuperado 7 de febrero de 2021, de https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng87

XX. Cortese, Samuele; Adamo, Nicoletta; Del Giovane, Cinzia; Mohr-Jensen, Christina;(2018). Comparative efficacy and tolerability of medications for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children, adolescents, and adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, (), S2215036618302694–. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30269-4

XXI. Man, K. K., Coghill, D., Chan, E. W., Lau, W. C., Hollis, C., Liddle, E., Banaschewski, T., McCarthy, S., Neubert, A., Sayal, K., Ip, P., & Wong, I. C. (2016). Methylphenidate and the risk of psychotic disorders and hallucinations in children and adolescents in a large health system. Translational psychiatry, 6(11), e956. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2016.216

XXII. Cândido, R., Perini, E., Pádua, C. M., & Junqueira, D. R. (2019). Prevalence of and factors associated with the use of methylphenidate for cognitive enhancement among university students. Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil), 18, eAO4745. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020AO4745

XXIII. Hendricks L, Jabrah A, Simpson C (2017) The effects of Energy Drinks on College Students. Am J Drug Delv Therap Vol.4 No.1:5

XXIV. Hollis, C., Chen, Q., Chang, Z., Quinn, P. D., Viktorin, A., Lichtenstein, P., D'Onofrio, B., Landén, M., & Larsson, H. (2019). Methylphenidate and the risk of psychosis in adolescents and young adults: a population-based cohort study. The lancet. Psychiatry, 6(8), 651–658.

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30189-0

XXV. van der Schans, J., Çiçek, R., Vardar, S., Bos, J. H., de Vries, T. W., Hoekstra, P. J., & Hak, E. (2017). Methylphenidate use and school performance among primary school children: a descriptive study. BMC psychiatry, 17(1), 116. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1279-1

XXVI. Mintel [Internet]. London: Mintel Group; 2016 [consultado el 5 enero 2021]. Energy Drinks- US – May 2016. Disponible en:

http://store.mintel.com/energy-drinks-us-may-2016